Learning Outcomes

In this practical, learners will explore how the CPU, memory, and input/output (I/O) components work together by using the Little Man Computer (LMC) simulator. Through step-by-step execution of simple programs, learners will observe how data is processed, stored, and transferred within a computer system. This hands-on activity helps learners understand the fetch–execute cycle and the interaction between different system components. By the end of the practical, learners will be able to:

• Identify the roles of CPU, memory, and I/O in a computer system.
• Understand how instructions are executed using the fetch–execute cycle.
• Interpret basic LMC instructions such as INP, ADD, SUB, STA, and OUT.
• Observe how data moves between the accumulator, memory, and input/output.